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螞蟻、蝴蝶、馬蜂、知了,是益蟲還是害蟲?

在全部昆蟲生態圈,切實不益蟲跟害蟲之分。這兩個詞純粹是從人類視角出發而產生的定義,個別來說,對人類有利的為益蟲,反之則是害蟲。在曠野中,乃至城市里,隨處可見螞蟻、蝴蝶、馬蜂、知了這四種昆蟲,但很少有人真正想過一個問題,它們對人類來說是益蟲,

螞蟻、蝴蝶、馬蜂、知了,是益蟲還是害蟲?

  在全部昆蟲生態圈,切實不益蟲跟害蟲之分。這兩個詞純粹是從人類視角出發而產生的定義,個別來說,對人類有利的為益蟲,反之則是害蟲。

  在曠野中,乃至城市里,隨處可見螞蟻、蝴蝶、馬蜂、知了這四種昆蟲,但很少有人真正想過一個問題,它們對人類來說是益蟲,還是害蟲?

  螞蟻

  首先,并不是所有人都意識到螞蟻是一種昆蟲……

  螞蟻屬節肢動物門,昆蟲綱,膜翅目,蟻科。螞蟻的品種繁多,是數量最多的昆蟲品種。世界上已知有多種,有21亞科283屬,中國境內已判斷的螞蟻品種有600多種,個別在室內常見的螞蟻有十多少種。最近還發明了無性滋生的螞蟻新物種。

  螞蟻的壽命比咱們設想的要長,工蟻可生存多少禮拜至3-10年,蟻后則可存活多少年甚至十年。一個蟻巢在固定位置可成長多少年甚至十多少年。

  其中;臭名遠揚;的螞蟻——白蟻,它們是大害蟲。家喻戶曉的;千里之堤,潰于蟻穴;重要就是指白蟻,白蟻還破壞樹木及木制品。

  不同螞蟻的迫害雖各有其特點,但蟻后個別都深居穴內司滋生之職,重要是工蟻出穴覓食造成迫害。

  螞蟻的迫害可總結為咬擾人體、傳播病菌、沾染環境、破壞建造。重要表當初兩個方面:一是因食害跟沾染所造成的直接經濟喪失,二是由傳播多種疾病跟迫害人類健康所導致的間接喪失。

  由此可見,以某一種螞蟻吃的某種食品,來簡單的判斷螞蟻是;益;或;害;是不科學、不足為據的,同樣也不能因為某種螞蟻有一定的藥效就說她對人類有利,應當具體剖析。

  咱們經常在戶外見到的小黑螞蟻,也是咱們所處的生物鏈中較重要一環,咱們拋棄的食品垃圾、碎渣、逝世去的昆蟲尸體等等,假如不螞蟻等昆蟲的進一步消化,咱們所生活的環境很快就會變得腐臭不堪。

  蝴蝶

  蝶,通稱為;蝴蝶,節肢動物門、昆蟲綱、鱗翅目、錘角亞目動物的統稱。螞蟻防治家庭螞蟻的化學防治,主要依賴于毒餌誘殺。將適口性好、驅避作用小的毒餌投放在室內各種縫隙中或蟻道(螞蟻的取食線路)上,利用螞蟻喜歡搬食的習性,將毒餌搬入巢中,毒殺蟻后、蟻王,達到消滅全巢的目的。使用化學方法時,首先應使用毒餌誘殺全巢螞蟻,切記不要一開始就在室內全面施用氣霧殺蟲劑或噴霧劑,以免造成種群擴散而加重蟻害。全世界大概有多種,大局部散布在美洲,尤其在亞馬遜河流域品種最多,中國有1200種。

  蝴蝶個別色彩嬌艷,身上有好多條紋,色彩較豐富,翅膀跟身材有各種花斑,最大的蝴蝶展翅可達28~30厘米左右,最小的只有0.7厘米左右。蝴蝶跟蛾類的重要差別是蝴蝶頭部有一對棒狀或錘狀觸角,蛾的觸角外形多樣。

  蝴蝶的幼蟲判斷是鱗翅目昆蟲,假如它們在田里或者綠化帶或者苗圃中,對咱們的出產生活造成迫害了,判斷歸為害蟲了。但假如在其余處所,不影響到咱們的生活,只能稱為中性昆蟲。而成為成蟲后,一局部蝴蝶就不再取食,直到交配后逝世亡,這也稱為中性昆蟲,另一局部靠取食花蜜,就是益蟲了。

  切實蝴蝶給人類造成物質侵害的品種并未幾,如迫害水稻的稻弄蝶、稻眉眼蝶;迫害十字花科蔬菜的菜粉蝶;迫害柑橘的玉帶鳳蝶跟柑橘鳳蝶;加害樟樹的樟鳳蝶;加害鐵刀木的遷粉蝶。螞蟻防治由于家庭螞蟻的巢穴不容易或不便于確定,物理方法防治室內螞蟻比較困難,只能限于殺滅可以看到的工蟻等,不能斷根。一般可用開水燙等方法。

  絕大多數蝴蝶成蟲都是有利的,如為動物傳播花粉,堅持生態均衡,丑化了大天然。此外還有專吃蚜蟲的蚜灰蝶,還有其余可供藥用或食用的品種。

  馬蜂

  馬蜂,大名;胡蜂;又稱為;螞蜂;或;黃蜂;。體大身長毒性也大,膜翅目細腰亞目,是除蜜蜂類及螞蟻類之外的能螫刺的昆蟲。

  馬蜂是一種散布普遍、品種繁多、翱翔敏捷的昆蟲。雌蜂身上有一根有力的長螫針,在碰到攻打或不友善煩擾時,會群起攻打,可能致人呈現過敏反應跟毒性反應,重大者可導致逝世亡。馬蜂通常用浸軟的似紙漿般的木漿造巢,食取動物性或動物性食品。

  從馬蜂的食譜上來說,馬蜂屬于益蟲,重要以吃棉鈴蟲、黏蟲等對農作物有害的蟲子為食。然而有些品種的馬蜂會襲擊蜂農養的蜜蜂,從這點來看它屬于害蟲。

  總體來說,馬蜂對人類利益大于害處,權且可能定義為益蟲。

  知了

  知了即蟬,生活于地球上的溫帶至熱帶地區。

  雄蟬腹部有發音器,能連續一直發出尖利的聲音。螞蟻防治家庭螞蟻的化學防治,主要依賴于毒餌誘殺。將適口性好、驅避作用小的毒餌投放在室內各種縫隙中或蟻道(螞蟻的取食線路)上,利用螞蟻喜歡搬食的習性,將毒餌搬入巢中,毒殺蟻后、蟻王,達到消滅全巢的目的。使用化學方法時,首先應使用毒餌誘殺全巢螞蟻,切記不要一開始就在室內全面施用氣霧殺蟲劑或噴霧劑,以免造成種群擴散而加重蟻害。雌蟬不發聲,但腹部有聽音器。幼蟲生活在地下吸食動物的根,成蟲吃動物的汁液。

  蟬的終生都會對動物有害,它們是作物的破壞者。知了用頭部下面的針樣的嘴巴插到樹的枝干里,刺吸動物汁液堅持生命。雌蟬交配當前,還用它矛頭狀的產卵器插入幼嫩樹枝的木質部里產卵,一插就是一個洞,在一個枝條上往往插成很多小洞。蟬產卵當前,再用口器把樹枝的下部刺破一圈韌度部,使樹枝上部得不到水分跟養料,最后就枯逝世了,一刮風枯枝就落到了地上。多少禮拜當前,蟬實現了傳宗接代的任務就逝世去了。卵經過孵化成若蟲,鉆進泥土里,開端過漫長的地下生活。它們在地下汲取樹根的汁液為生,少則二三年,多到十七年,在地下住夠了,才爬出地面,而后;金蟬脫殼;羽化成蟬。

  60年代初,南美洲曾產生過一次蟬災,使郁郁蔥蔥的森林變成簇簇蠟黃的枯枝敗葉。后來,當地引進了一種食蟬鳥,才把持了災害的蔓延。

  蟬可入藥,這是它們對人類有用的一面。蟬蛻是若蟲蛻的殼,性寒味甘,有散風熱、宣肺氣、透疹、鎮痙的功能;蟬花是若蟲被真菌寄生而逝世、在尸體上長出的棒形菌體,有平靜、抗驚厥的功能。

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