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地震災區《病媒生物防制》要點

一、組織工作(一)各級衛生防疫部門應有具體分工,做好蚊、蠅、蚤、蜱、鼠等病媒生物監測與防制的組織工作。(二)要有專人負責,做好殺蟲滅鼠藥物的集中供應、配制和分發工作,做好蚊、蠅、蚤、蜱、鼠等病媒生物預防控制常識宣傳,組

地震災區《病媒生物防制》要點

  一、組織工作

 ?。ㄒ唬└骷壭l生防疫部門應有具體分工,做好蚊、蠅、蚤、蜱、鼠等病媒生物監測與防制的組織工作。

  (二)要有專人負責,做好殺蟲滅鼠藥物的集中供應、配制和分發工作,做好蚊、蠅、蚤、蜱、鼠等病媒生物預防控制常識宣傳,組織專業技術人員和群眾實施。

  二、地震災區病媒生物監測與控制原則

  常規原則:病媒生物密度不高或未發生媒介相關疾病時,加強環境治理,輔以藥物殺滅,加強個人防護。

  應急原則:媒介生物密度過高或媒介生物性疾病流行期,應以化學防治為主,輔以個人防護和環境治理措施。

  三、病媒生物的監測

  參照全國病媒生物監測方案,開展因地制宜的病媒生物監測。

  四、針對不同人群、不同場所的防控措施

 ?。ㄒ唬┈F場救援人員

  1.個人防護對現場工作人員要進行必要的個人防護,使用市售趨避劑(蚊不叮、蚊障等含有DEET有效成分的個人防護用品),按照產品說明上的使用劑量、使用頻次涂抹于皮膚外露的部位,或在衣服上噴灑。

  2.在臨時居住地或帳篷中使用蚊帳,或藥用蚊帳,或用15-25g/m2溴氰菊酯或20-40g/m2的氯氰菊酯噴灑蚊帳。

  3.在居住或工作區域使用常規殺蟲劑如市售氣霧劑、空間噴灑或滯留噴灑。在睡覺前使用蚊香(或電熱蚊香)。在臨時居住帳篷或住所周圍5-10米范圍使用2.5%的溴氰菊酯可濕性粉劑100倍稀釋作滯留噴灑,防止蜱螨侵害。

  4.盡量穿長袖衣褲,減少蚊蟲叮咬的機會。

  (二)對災區蚊、蠅、鼠等的防制

  1.對垮塌現場的處理

  室外用氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、馬拉硫磷、辛硫磷、敵敵畏(衛生級)等藥劑,使用超低容量或常量噴霧器噴灑(各種殺蟲劑使用參考濃度見表1、表2)。確有必要時,使用飛機噴灑。

  表1殺滅成蠅、蚊等飛蟲的空間噴灑用殺蟲劑

  殺蟲劑

  商品名

  類別

  濃度(%)

  劑型

  用量(毫升/米3)

  敵敵畏

  敵敵畏

  有機磷

  0.3~0.5

  乳油

  1-2

  氯菊酯

  除蟲精

  擬除蟲菊酯

  0.4

  乳油或油劑

  ~1

  溴氰菊酯

  凱素靈

  擬除蟲菊酯

  0.005

  乳油

  1

  高效氯氰菊酯

  奮斗吶

  擬除蟲菊酯

  0.005

  乳油

  表2常用地面滅蚤殺蟲劑

  殺蟲劑

  商品名

  類別

  劑型

  濃度(%)

  用量(/m2)

  敵敵畏

  氯菊酯

  溴氰菊酯

  敵敵畏

  除蟲精

  凱素靈

  有機磷

  擬菊酯

  擬菊酯

  乳油

  粉劑

  粉劑

  0.1

  0.5

  0.005

  100ml

  40g

  25g

  2.對臨時居住區或居住區蚊、蠅、蚤的處理

  (1)室外噴灑藥劑種類及使用方法同垮塌現場的處理。

  (2)室內化學防制。

  使用氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯等藥劑進行噴灑處理(使用濃度見表1)。同時注意使用蚊帳或藥用蚊帳,或用15-25g/m2溴氰菊酯或20-40g/m2的氯氰菊酯噴灑蚊帳。還可以使用市售氣霧劑、蚊香(或電熱蚊香)防蚊蠅。

  (3)防蚊蠅設施在住處裝上紗門紗窗、睡前點燃蚊香或使用電熱蚊香。

 ?。?)在臨時居住帳篷或住所周圍5-10米范圍使用2.5%的溴氰菊酯可濕性粉劑100倍稀釋作滯留噴灑,防止蜱螨侵害。

  (5)趨避劑的使用在蚊蟲等比較多的地方活動或工作,使用個人防護用品(同上)。

  3.鼠類防制

  針對醫院、臨時救治場所、食堂、災民集聚地等重點場所,投放抗凝血滅鼠劑溴敵隆、大隆等毒餌(參見表3),最好使用蠟塊。對于糧食毒餌,可使用毒餌盒或臨時毒餌盒。投餌前做好宣傳和警示標記,防止兒童和老人誤食中毒。

  醫療機構要儲備一定的維生素K1解毒劑。

  表3常用滅鼠藥的使用

  藥劑

  常用濃度(%)

  投餌量(克/堆)

  投餌期

  死亡時間及死亡高峰

  溴敵隆

  大隆

  殺它仗

  0.0375

  0.005

  0.005

  10

  10

  10

  第1、4、7晚

  第1、4、7晚

  第1、4、7晚

  一般死于2-11天,高峰在3-6天

  一般死于2-11天,高峰在3-6天

  一般死于2-11天,高峰在3-6天

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